Knowledge, Awareness and Perception of Prebiotics and Probiotics among Population of Lahore

Abstract

The human gut microbiota plays a crucial role in digestion, immunity, and systemic health.  Probiotics are live microorganisms that confer health benefits when consumed in adequate  amounts, while prebiotics are non-digestible food components that selectively stimulate  beneficial gut bacteria. Despite their importance, awareness and perception of these dietary  components remain limited in developing regions such as Pakistan. Objective: To evaluate  the knowledge, awareness, and perception of prebiotics and probiotics among the  population of Lahore, and to identify barriers affecting their consumption.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted from April to November 2024 among 386 participants aged 18 years and above residing in Lahore. A structured, validated  questionnaire was used to collect demographic information, dietary habits, knowledge,  awareness, and perceptions regarding prebiotics and probiotics. Descriptive statistics were  calculated using SPSS version 25.

Results: Of the 386 respondents, 51.6% were female  and 62.2% were aged 18 to 24 years. Only 49.5% could accurately define probiotics and  45.9% correctly defined prebiotics. Yogurt and traditional fermented foods were consumed  daily by 37% of participants, but only 20% recognized them as probiotic sources. The  internet (53.6%) and family or friends (22.8%) were the main sources of information, with  healthcare professionals contributing minimally (15%). Common misconceptions included  the belief that probiotics are limited to costly supplements and that prebiotics are a form  of vitamins. Additionally, 60.4% of respondents agreed that awareness in Pakistan is  insufficient. Conclusion: Awareness and perception of prebiotics and probiotics among the  Lahore population are limited despite widespread consumption of natural sources. Public  health campaigns, enhanced healthcare professional engagement, and culturally sensitive  educational strategies are recommended to bridge knowledge gaps and encourage dietary  integration of prebiotics and probiotics.