DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM FOR BRAIN CANCER: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW

Abstract

Tumors are created when body cells grow out of control. There are two types of tumor cells: malignant and non-malignant. These cancerous tumors are also known as cancerous cells because of their unchecked cell division. Cancer cells grow uncontrollably and divide quickly without the body's assistance (Wang et al., 2018). A cancer survey conducted in over 22 nations revealed the cancer mortality rate. The survey's results indicate a rise in cancer cases. 9.5 million There is a rise in the cancer death rate. Adult brain tumors have a high prevalence of morbidity and mortality. The second most common cause of death for children is brain tumors. The most frequent type of brain tumor that affects adults between the ages of 19 and 45 is glioblastoma. The WHO distinguish tumors into 4 grades. Grade I and Grade II cancer cells are those that develop slowly. Grade IV tumors are those that are growing quickly (Barnholtz-Sloan et al., 2018).

Earlier in the disease process, surgery can eliminate tumor cells. Even yet, it is challenging to eradicate all cancer cells from the body when they are in an advanced stage, such as stage III or stage IV. These issues prompt the development of fresh approaches to more accurately deliver the medication to the cancer cells. Compared to radiation therapy or surgery, chemotherapy medicines are more favorable because many patients are not able to withstand these treatments (Lawrie et al., 2015). Numerous issues make treating neurodegenerative diseases challenging. The delivery of the necessary dose to the target place is the primary concern in neurodegenerative disorders. Due to the blood brain barrier, a therapeutic dose may not reach its target place when given by other methods, such as oral or parenteral, which causes drug deposits in different body areas. To improve the medicine's distribution, absorption, safety, and duration of action, numerous innovative drug delivery strategies have recently been researched to create a formulation for administering pharmaceutical active ingredients to the target location. Numerous methods have been developed to enhance the pharmacological effects and reduce the undesirable complications of the active component (Li et al., 2019). While creating such a moiety takes time, the medicine will be delivered effectively and its safety profile will be maintained. There appears to be a global competition among the pharmaceutical industries in recent times to create novel methods of safe and precise drug delivery. The pharmaceutical industry depends heavily on scientific discovery to ensure its survival. If companies stick to old development techniques, they will reduce their market value and be unable to continue developing novel drug delivery systems. These days, cutting-edge drug delivery methods are employed to develop chemotherapeutics that specifically target cancer cells. This method improves the therapeutic efficiency of chemotherapy while keeping down its side effects (Halwani, 2022).